Essay On Masculinities

However, many sociologists criticized that definition of hegemonic masculinity as a fixed character-type, which is analytically limited, because it excludes the complexity of different, and competing, forms of masculinity.Consequently, hegemonic masculinity was reformulated to include gender hierarchy, the geography of masculine configurations, the processes of social embodiment, and the psycho-social dynamics of the varieties of masculinity.

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Originally, hegemonic masculinity was understood as the pattern of practice that allowed men's dominance over women to continue.

In Western society, the dominant form of masculinity or the cultural ideal of manhood was primarily reflective of white, heterosexual, largely middle-class males.

In this way hegemony is not gained through necessarily violent or forceful means, but it is achieved through culture, institutions, and persuasions.

The interplay of gender with class and race creates more extensive relationships among masculinities.

The core concepts of power and difference were found in the gay liberation movement which had not only sought to analyse the oppression of men but also oppression by men.

This idea of a hierarchy of masculinities has since persisted and strongly influenced the reformulation of the concept.

Hegemonic masculinity is neither normative in the numerical sense, as only a small minority of men may enact it, nor in an actual sense, as the cultural ideal of masculinity is often a fantasy figure, such as John Wayne or John Rambo.

Hegemonic masculinity may not even be the commonest pattern in the everyday lives of men.

Thus, fully achieving hegemonic masculinity becomes an unattainable ideal.

Complicity to the aforementioned masculine characteristics was another key feature of the original framework of hegemonic masculinity.